In 1964, the British biologist William Hamilton published a landmark paper to answer these kinds of questions.
"This is really a landmark paper," said Kathryn R. Mahaffey, an E.P.A official who helped write the article.
Another landmark paper looked at US restaurant employment in 288 different pairs of adjacent counties that had different minimum wages.
He again found oxygen isotopes an excellent predictor of temperature and published a landmark paper on the subject in the journal Tellus in 1964.
In 1972, Steinschneider published a landmark paper in the journal Pediatrics, in which he argued that S.I.D.S. could be hereditary, and was related to sleep apnea.
The advent of information theory can be pretty well pinpointed: July 1948, the Bell System Technical Journal, his landmark paper titled simply "A Mathematical Theory of Communication".
The following year he published a landmark paper in Nature, which appeared to demonstrate that chromosome 5 harboured a gene for schizophrenia.
He said in a "landmark" paper published last month, BlackRock, the world's largest asset manager, had advised investors to incorporate climate change risks into their portfolios.
This week, the New England Journal of Medicine published a landmark paper on beta thalassemia by researchers in the United States, France, Australia, and Thailand.
Eight years later, Shannon published another landmark paper, A Mathematical Theory of Communication, generally taken as his most important scientific contribution.
"This is very much a landmark paper," he says.
