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The as-obtained landmark coordinates were considered as the 'gold standard'.
Once so rotated, a mean configuration is estimated as the arithmetic averages of landmark coordinates in the superimposed data set.
Landmark coordinates are not directly comparable as quantitative measures of shape because they are (usually) recorded with respect to an arbitrary set of orthogonal reference axes.
The located landmark coordinates also give rise to a number of geometric properties such as distances and angles between them [20].
Most individuals (72%) had no missing landmark coordinates, and less than 1% had six or more missing landmarks out of the twenty-eight with missing data.
First, they find the reliable features using spin images as features, and the missing ones are regressed using the multivariate Gaussian model encompassing all 3D landmark coordinates.
A derivation of a nonlinear observer on SE(3) is presented, using a Lyapunov function conveniently expressed as a function of the difference between the estimated and the measured landmark coordinates.
The landmark coordinates were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) (M Z 2004) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) to identify shape trends in the various subgroups (Bilfeld et al. 2013).
The landmark coordinates were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) (Miriam 2004) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) to identify shape trends in the various subgroups (Bilfeld et al. 2013).
In addition, many standard morphometric analyses, using both traditional measurements and landmark coordinates, seek to sequester size variation, which often tends to dominate sample variability, into a separate variable.
Purpose: To present the TALON removable head frame system as an immobilization device for single-fraction intensity-modulated stereotactic radiosurgery (IMRS) and fractionated stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FS-IMRT); and to evaluate the repositioning accuracy by measurement of anatomic landmark coordinates in repeated computed tomography (CT) examinations.
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