In contrast, S6k null mutations did not ameliorate the Tsc1 axon projection defects in the larval brain, and both the lamina plexus and medulla projections were highly disordered (Figure 6I, Table 1).
Endothelial cells were broken off and the shallow smooth muscle cells in medial elastic lamina were proliferated and lined up in disorder in diabetic rats.
Additionally, degenerative changes in the vascular smooth muscle cells, the cerebral endothelium and the basal lamina are often rapid and more aggressive in genetic disorders.
Specific mutations in nuclear lamina genes cause laminopathies, a group of rare genetic disorders presenting a large variety of clinical symptoms in different tissues.
The importance of the nuclear lamina in human biology is underscored by the discoveries of genetic disorders that are caused by mutations in lamina proteins.
In summary, in the present work we found that, in the presence of a chronic spinal cord disorder (ALS-alike G93A mice), the ependyma-containing lamina X appears to be enriched of newly proliferating cells which is reminiscent of what happens following a spinal cord injury.
Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with widespread calcification and degeneration of the elastic lamina of arteries [ 1].
Remarkably biopsies from oesophagus, stomach, ileum and colon yielded distinct eosinophilic infiltrations reaching the lamina propria which finally lead to the diagnosis of a primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (Fig. 2).
In dogs, it represents a group of disorders characterised by chronic gastro-intestinal signs, with histological evidence of inflammation in the lamina propria of the small intestine, large intestine or both [5].
Only spinal cord injury [ 23, 43, 44] or degenerative disorders [ 8, 19] produce a stimulation of neurogenesis in the ependymal zone of lamina X. Lithium magnifies such an effect by further increasing cell number and, most importantly, addressing their differentiation towards a neuron-like phenotype while inhibiting gliogenesis.
