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Those predictions may be too pessimistic, even if lagging data suggest that China's economy has not yet hit a cyclical bottom.
Lagging: data about what has already happened.
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The memory depth refers to how much past information (lagged data) is required as it is not known a priori.
Our models with three-year lagged data on national income did not show any significant change in income-elasticities on total and public health expenditure.
We, therefore, applied even dynamic models including three-year lagged data on national income while estimated health expenditure per capita [17,20,23].
To better capture the attributes of the educational system and parental factors that were prevailing at the time immigrants undertook their education, lagged data from the period 1975 to 1980 are used4.
There are K = M- L-1) saM- L-1drawn froM- L-1time samplesq i [n] in q i. Equation (6) is the convolution sum of the eigenvector u i andrawn (n - K + 2)th original lagged data vector.
In this notation, matrix N contains lagged data and thus has a column for each lag and each channel.
Both unlagged and 15-year lagged data were presented and 15-year lags tended to be favored.
More precisely, given the original lagged data matrix, we randomly draw B datasets by sampling with replacement the rows of the original data matrix, so that each dataset has the same number of rows as the original lagged data matrix.
Crump argues that his alternative analyses using the 5-year lagged data were more consistent with the underlying DEMS data.
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