Results for exposures lagged from birth are presented in Figure 2 (numeric data are provided in Supplemental Material, Table S4).
Individual models were produced for exposure during each week of gestation anchored from estimated LMP and each week lagged from birth.
Average weekly PM2.5 concentrations were similar across categories of PTB for exposure windows anchored at estimated LMP and lagged from birth, with means (± SDs) about 14.5 ± 5 μg/m and interquartile ranges around 6.2 μg/m (Table 2).
RDs were consistently elevated for exposures 0 2 weeks before birth across PTB categories; but for exposure lagged further from birth, patterns across PTB categories were not consistent.
Due to the time lag between birth and enrolment, surveillance was missed in the early neonatal period.
In a time-series study of the Atlanta, Georgia, area, Darrow et al. (2009) estimated positive risk ratios for NO3 and SO4 with exposure in the first month of pregnancy and for SO4 and EC with a 1-week lag from birth.
In 2003, male life expectancy at birth was 58.8 years, lagging behind EU member states by about 16 years [ 2].
The persistence of the positive relationship among Hungarian women in the same birth cohort indicates that Hungary is lagging behind by at least 15 years.
37 Age at first birth is increasing in some of our sample countries, but is still lagging behind the level seen in the USA.
However, the positive coefficients on the log of lagged ob/gyn per 100 births implies that the higher ratio of ob/gyn per 100 births, the more tocolytic hospitalizations will be provided (see Table 7).
