This moderation effect was found only concurrently whereas one-day lagged analysis failed to reveal this effect.
Using distributed lags analysis, a significant temporal relationship was identified between ciprofloxacin, meropenem and cefepime consumption and the resistance rates of P. aeruginosa isolates to these antibiotics.
The model is based on the so called "optimal" shear lag analysis of a laminate with cracks in one layer (and its symmetric), coupled with an analytical procedure to account for the presence of cracks in multiple plies, considering also their mutual interaction.
There are 55 cases in the unlagged referent group and 85 in the lagged analysis.
The log transformed regression model is non-significant in the 15-year lagged analysis, and a marginally significant E-R trend (p = 0.045) appears in the unlagged analysis.
The E-R among the cohort of UG workers was intermediate with a tendency to level off in quartiles three and four in the 15-year lagged analysis.
Shifting from unlagged to 15-year lagged exposures reduces cumulative exposure so the referent quartile is reduced from <19 μg/m years unlagged to lagged analysis.
An SMR of 0.75 (95% CI=0.36 1.38, n=10) was obtained for mortality from bone cancer in the unlagged analysis and an SMR of 0.52 (95% CI=0.14 1.34, n=4) for the lagged analysis.
Compared with the results of the primary analysis, this 1-year lagged analysis did not alter our results appreciably, suggesting that detection bias, even if present, was likely minimal.
The strongest HRs are observed using the untransformed model, which at high exposures (4000 µg/m years) produce HRs of 62 (28–165) (p = 0.12) in the 15-year lagged analysis and 57 (35 96) (p = 0.89) in the unlagged analysis.
Standardised mortality ratios were adjusted for age, calendar year and sex, and then were reported using an unlagged and a lagged analysis (based on a 10-year latency period).
