Sentence examples for lactones from inspiring English sources

Lactones with 7 to 24 atoms in the ring are prepared by slow distillation of the appropriate hydroxy acids under greatly reduced pressure.

The concentration of quorum-sensing molecules most commonly peptides or acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs; special signaling chemicals)—is related to the number of bacteria of the same or different species that are in the biofilm and helps coordinate the behaviour of the biofilm.

Commercially important lactones include diketene and β-propanolactone used in the synthesis of acetoacetic acid derivatives and β-substituted propanoic (propionic) acids, respectively; the perfume ingredients pentadecanolide and ambrettolide; vitamin C; and the antibiotics methymycin, erythromycin, and carbomycin.

Compounds called chlorogenic acid lactones and phenylindanes are thought to contribute; the former are in high levels in light- to medium-roast coffee, whereas the latter are found in darker roasts, and have a harsher taste.

Later on, we can almost taste the barrels leaching "tannins, sweet vanillin, smoky phenols and coconutty oak lactones" into the ageing whiskey.

Scientists have found that in Gram-negative bacteria, which have double cell membranes, the signaling molecules are homoserine lactones, molecules that resemble amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.

These substances are changed to sugarlike substances known as alpha-lactones, which are excreted in the urine.

The γ- and δ-lactones, containing five- and six-membered rings, respectively, are the most common.

Ketene reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form enol acetates or β-lactones.

In the absence of a reactive substrate, ketene combines with itself to form diketene, a β-lactone used industrially to prepare derivatives of acetoacetic acid, such as ethyl acetoacetate and acetoacetamides.

The lactone dimers of long-chain monoalkylketenes have been used as sizing agents for paper.