Examples of effective mastitis control practices include the use of long acting antibiotics at the end of lactation (dry-cow therapy), application of a post-milking teat disinfectant following each milking, and segregation or culling of infected individuals [ 6, 7].
During lactation, the dry matter intake of heifers was not affected by the treatments, but dry matter intake of the cows exposed to a short-day photoperiod was greater than that of the cows exposed to a long-day photoperiod.
Controlling the breeding and/or calving season Refers to practice of synchronizing breeding, calving, lactation, and dry seasons in dairy herd.
Cows, which were used for milk production, were fed according to their energy requirements during lactation and dry period.
We categorized the reproductive status as pregnant, carrying a pup (adult females with attached pup), nursing (adult females without attached pup but with evidence of lactation), or dry (not in any of the previous categories) using published criteria (18 ).
The reproductive status of every animal at any point in time, including their inseminations, pregnancy diagnoses, deliveries, start and end dates of lactation and dry periods, is also individually recorded.
A greater abundance of 4E-BP1 in bovine mammary at the end of lactation vs. dry-off has been previously reported.
Now it is clear that some factors influence milk production even before the onset of lactation (during the dry period).
Lactation body weight, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency of cows did not differ between treatments at 45 or 90 d in milk.
Energy concentrations were 1.55 (HE/HP and HE/LP) or 1.44 (LE/HP and LE/LP) Mcal of net energy for lactation (NEL /kg of dry matter (DM).
