This result is congruent with the morphological evidence at hand, since Ninia lacks the specializations shown by Dipsadini although most species are known to feed mainly on slugs [ 18] (Additional file 1).
But they also lack the specialization and sophistication that make multicellular life so appealing.
If cycling is the cause of genetic stability observed in nature and arboviruses lack host specialization, then sequential passage should result in both the accumulation of mutations and specialized viruses better suited for replication in that host.
We thus addressed the question of whether Paramecium, which has a large number of GBGs (at least five, of which four are present as pairs as the result of recent duplications) but appears to lack the specialization into the BIG and GBF subgroups, has the same ArfGEF distribution as plants or features a second ArfGEF subfamily.
The skull in Ar. ramidus lacked the specializations for heavy chewing (that is, thickened enamel, larger and more robust jaws, and deeper faces) present in all later Australopithecus.
Note that azhdarchids lack the specializations seen in some stork taxa, such as the Mycteria wood storks (which specialise in tactile feeding and wading), or Anastomus, the open-billed stork (which possesses scopate tomial edges and upper and lower jaws that bow away from each other. These are apparently specializations that assist in the holding of hard-shelled prey [109]).
The axons appear to lack terminal specializations.
Nonsynaptic contacts or appositions were defined as close membranous associations that lacked recognizable specializations.
For efficient olfactory coding to occur, invertebrates like the honeybee must implicitly not only be able to solve these problems but do so in a sensory system that lacks the remarkable functional specialization of, for example, the human neocortex.
In many ways, as might be expected, Dryopithecus is rather generalized in structure and lacks most of the specializations that distinguish living humans and other living apes.
