Research in this area varied in methodological rigor and needs to overcome challenges regarding design issues, sampling frame, and complexities inherent in such a high-risk population.
"Outcomes research on the use and effectiveness of simulation technology in medical education is scattered, inconsistent and varies widely in methodological rigor and substantive focus" [ 12].
Given the few high quality RCTs available for investigation, our review is limited by wide variations in methodological rigor of clinical trials and observational studies.
Differences in methodological rigor between eastern and western studies may be potential sources of heterogeneity, and publication bias may vary across countries and cultures.
None of the 3 ultrasound studies involved prospective investigations or any use of ultrasound by the authors; all are literature reviews with data-pooling and meta-analyses and each speak to a lack of methodological rigor in most studies of clinician-performed ultrasound for trauma.
According to the bibliography reviewed, physiotherapy, which is the most common action taken to alleviate this problem, has not yet been proven to be effective, because of the small size of sample groups and the lack of methodological rigor in the papers published on the subject.
Microbial carotenoid diversity and evolution has hitherto been analyzed primarily from structural and biosynthetic perspectives, with the few phylogenetic analyses of microbial carotenoid biosynthetic proteins using either used limited datasets or lacking methodological rigor.
The etiology of de Quervain's tenosynovitis (dQ) has been based on conflicting small case series and cohort studies lacking methodological rigor.
Mr. Malphurs said his goal was to remedy these flaws, noting that the Wexler study "lacked the methodological rigor and insight normally attributable to social scientific studies".
Each study is critically evaluated for design, with Garner and Maxwell "lament ing)" the lack of methodological rigor that is evident in many of them, noting "Our assessment is that, as a body of research, it is difficult to use these studies to support or oppose a particular policy or to test a particular hypothesis" (page 66).
Third, a lack of methodological rigor is common amongst the studies included in reviews.
