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Articles that only describe local surveys, case series, or service programs lacking comparison groups will not be accepted.
27, 39 In summary, the quality of evidence suggesting harms associated with HD in the elderly is also low as it is mostly based on observational studies lacking comparison groups, except for the risk for institutional death which is based on prospective cohort data.
Choi et al., undertook an EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) plasma proteomic study using 2DE/MALDI MS combined with Milliplex MAP Human 26 Plex Cytokine/Chemokine Kit to investigate CRC biomarker signatures [ 34], but have been heavily criticized for lacking comparison with age- and other criteria-matched healthy controls [ 35].
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In line with Zucker, we argue that it is problematic to use the number of organizations to measure organizational density because it lacks comparison with other forms of organizations.
Previous studies on editorial practices and quality focused instead on leading journals (i.e. selected subjectively or by IF [9], [18]) or on randomly sampled journals [19], but lacked comparison groups.
Homer, et al.[ 66] lacked comparison group satisfaction data, and have therefore not been included.
Most studies were cross sectional, small and several lacked comparison data suitable for extraction.
Additionally, we lacked comparison data for other countries at a similar level of development.
Studies of ICU patients often lack comparison ICU cohorts and few have described long-term follow-up.
While studies specifically targeting lesbians or gays have had larger samples, they have lacked comparison data obtained using the same methodology and instruments, making comparisons problematic.
6 Programmes in Haiti 7 and Malawi 8 have reported treatment success with clinical monitoring alone, although they lacked comparison with laboratory monitoring.
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