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Current methods for teaching and assessing competencies that characterize expert intraoperative performance are inconsistent, subjective, and lack standardization.
However, laboratory discoveries do not easily translate into clinical findings partially because of histological diagnostic techniques that induce artifacts and lack standardization.
Surveys on tax compliance and non-compliance often rely on ad hoc formulated items which lack standardization, theoretical background, and empirical validation.
Wavefront data are expressed in micrometers and referenced to the pupil plane, but current methods to map wavefront error lack standardization.
Additionally, while most human clinical probiotic trials are well-standardized using the same strains, uniform dosages, regimens of the probiotic treatments and similar host age, animal studies often lack standardization, have variable experimental designs, and non-uniform and sometime limited selection of experimental variables or observational parameters.
However, PCR protocols lack standardization.
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Mesh repair reduces recurrence rates but lacks standardization of technique.
Finally, visual EEG analysis is time-consuming, operator-dependent, non-quantitative, and lacks standardization.
However, manual microscopic sediment examination is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and lacks standardization in high-volume laboratories.
Decellularized scaffolds are produced by removing cellular components and antigenicity from natural tissue but the procedure lacks standardization and reproducibility (Badylak et al., 2011; Novosel et al., 2011).
Furthermore, it lacks standardization [ 16].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com