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The difficulty of subsurface modeling resides in its uncertain nature coming from lack of subsurface data which lead to various possible interpretations of the geological settings, where the sedimentological and structural factors are thought to be the major sources of uncertainty.
The second major finding is the LUR-BME maps show that groundwater NO3– in monitoring wells is elevated in the southeastern plains of North Carolina (SI Figure S7) due to the larger amount of NO3– sources and the lack of subsurface attenuation factors (SI Movie S2) that are present in the coastal plain region.
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However, while these studies have primarily focused on modern sedimentation and outcrop, there is a lack of research on subsurface reservoir characterization.
Despite the apparent lack of surface and subsurface outflow from the closed basins, and strong evaporative enrichment due to the dry climate, many of the closed-basin wetlands maintain moderate salinity (1 10 g L−1 as total dissolved solids) instead of evolving into hyper-saline wetlands.
For example, Loa22 is a surface-exposed OMP [61] that is insensitive to proteinase K cleavage [60], and cleavage of Omp52 is inconclusive due to the excessive concentration of the enzyme used and the lack of surface or subsurface controls [62].
The lack of proper data on subsurface geology, velocity logs, and soil profiles makes the task challenging.
The lack of a complete mechanistic description of subsurface interactions between contaminants and microbes has limited the ability to predict the effectiveness of subsurface bioremediation processes.
Uncertainties in the physical parameters of a groundwater system, due to the lack of direct access to the subsurface, strongly affect the design of water management policies, so that the risk of mismanagement becomes a critical factor in complex ecological and economic analyses.
This strain is deficient for Type IV pilus-dependent motility, as evidenced by its lack of twitching motility in a subsurface agar stab assay [ 38] (data not shown).
Seismic inversion performed in the time or frequency domain cannot always recover the long-wavelength background of subsurface parameters due to the lack of low-frequency seismic records.
Since evaporation is synonym of low recharge conditions whereas strong rainfall events are more favourable to recharge in heterogeneous subsurface contexts, a lack of knowledge remains then on the real ongoing and future drinking groundwater supply availability at aquifers scale.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com