However, it is difficult to evaluate the stability of earthquake-induced rock slope due to the lack of shear strength parameters of rock mass.
The analysis results show that the partial infill walls and a lack of shear reinforcement were the leading causes of the column failures.
The exterior beam-column (EBC) joints in the second generation concrete structures (built prior to 1970s) were observed to underperform during earthquakes mainly due to the lack of shear reinforcement and improper construction practices.
They have specific deficiencies resulting from the lack of shear reinforcement in the joint and poor material properties including low strength concrete and the presence of plain round reinforcement bars.
For simplification, the growth field of the root apex was considered here as a one dimensional vector field (the main axis) due to the slenderness of the root and the anisotropy of its growth and to the lack of shear growth (this is similar to the rod approximation in the beam theory of solid mechanics [ 24]).
This results in a gradually decreasing pressure gradient along the arterial tree away from the heart [demonstrated as a decreased ankle-brachial blood pressure index (ABI) in peripheral arterial disease], which might hinder the opening of collateral vessels owing to the lack of shear stress and decreased flow when an arterial occlusion takes place (Fig. 2C).
Due to the complex shear mechanism of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) members, there is lack of comprehensive shear behavior models for SFRC members.
During the design of composite decks, the interaction between the steel deck and concrete slab is typically disregarded when calculating the strength of the composite diaphragm due to lack of complete shear transfer, as existing practices such as stamping are not effective to provide substantial composite action.
Due to the lack of wind shear, Judy continued to intensify.
Despite the lack of wind shear around the storm, the center became slightly exposed and ceased further intensification.
Harold Brooks, research meteorologist at NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory in Norman, Okla., said that the lack of wind shear is responsible for the lower number of tornadoes in 2012.
