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α5 and β3 subunits lack function when expressed alone, or pairwise, but participate in the formation of functional hetero-oligomeric receptors when expressed as a third subunit with another α and β pair [e.g. α4α5αβ2, α4αβ2β3, α5α6β2, see 229 for further examples].
The conservation of elements that either lack function or whose functions are yet to be ascribed has been relatively little investigated.
If lowly expressed lincRNAs are often "biological noise," and thus lack function, or if our set of novel lincRNAs contained large numbers of such transcripts, then we expect their sequence substitution rates to be relatively high.
Theory predicts that pseudogenes, because they lack function, are freed from selective constraints and hence accumulate mutations at an accelerated pace that mirrors the rate of spontaneous mutations [ 42, 43].
Two additional kainate receptor subunits, GluK4 and GluK5, when expressed individually, form high affinity binding sites for kainate, but lack function, but can form heteromers when expressed with GluK1-3 subunits (e.g. GluK2/K5; reviewed in 165, 188, 189).
Similar(53)
People with a defective thymus lack functioning T-cells and are highly vulnerable to infections.
Large areas of the world lack functioning regional human rights systems (although they are, of course, covered by the worldwide UN system).
The regions of greatest need often lack functioning markets to sustain these endeavors.
The ministers said that as a result, "insecure parts of the country" -- those most affected by the Taliban insurgency -- now lack functioning schools.
Their feathers lack functioning barbicels, and are thus similar to down on other birds and leave Silkies unable to fly.
These group-beneficial genes could render a bacterium that expresses its QS regulon susceptible to "cheating" by neighboring bacteria that lack functioning QS systems.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com