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At present, 17percentt of the city's 80,000 teachers lack certification.
It also shows that teachers in the "Big Five" cities -- New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse and Yonkers -- are more likely to lack certification, to have failed their certification exams or to have attended teachers' colleges with relatively low standards.
Teachers in New York City and the state's four other major urban areas -- Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse and Yonkers -- are more likely to lack certification, to have failed their certification exams or to have attended less-competitive colleges, according to the study, which was conducted for the State Education Department by researchers at the State University of New York at Albany.
Of the roughly 230,000 teachers working in New York State's public schools, about 20percentt -- or 46,000 -- will need to be replaced over the next five years because they are nearing retirement age or lack certification, state officials said.
Indeed, despite the lousy reputation of these programs, about half of all emergency certifications are granted to highly qualified specialists who lack certification.
The types of alternative devices reportedly worn by emergency responders and other workers ranged from surgical masks and ordinary nuisance dust masks, which lack certification for particulate exposure, to disposable N95 respirators and half- and full-face respirators with cartridges (Feldman et al. 2004; Prezant et al. 2002; Spadafora 2002).
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About 11,000 of the city's 78,000 teachers, or 14percentt, lacked certification last year, and most of them worked in poorly performing schools.
Lacking certification or formal training as an investigator but fortified by his own resolve, he became an amateur detective of sorts.
He said Ms. Cahill, previously his senior counselor for educational policy, would seek a waiver from the state Board of Regents, which is required for her to serve as deputy chancellor because she lacks certification as a district administrator.
Mr. Sweeney also argued in the case that the Catholic school was "small, under funded, lacked certification and had not provided the parties with information on standardized testing," according to court papers.
While lacking certification, the helicopters were only permitted to fly in visual meteorological conditions and subsequently stored in climate controlled hangars.
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