As Thomas Chan, of the Chinese Takeaway Association, explains, more recent arrivals filled the resulting labour gap.
And it is EU workers, travelling unimpeded to the UK, who fill the labour gap.
The cuts in child labour need to be long term, and forced labour by adults – which has increased to fill the labour gap – needs to end.
Capper is unimpressed by the suggestion of holiday workers filling the labour gap: "[Australia and New Zealand] do have a working holiday visa scheme, but the vast majority of their fresh produce is picked by people on a seasonal workers scheme from Tonga and Samoa, the same way as our old Saws," she said.
There are more expats looking to fill the skilled labour gap in the city than ever before, which means cushy relocation packages are fast disappearing, said Peter LeSar, chief financial officer, Thunderbird Resorts, which operates themed resorts in neighbouring countries.
Other Indian IT professionals migrated to the US, filling, among other positions, a large labour gap in that country's surging technology market.
Until countries with severely depleted health workforce can build up a critical mass of surgical and anaesthetic specialists to adequately take care of the basic surgical needs of their population, COs can be a viable option to fill the labour gap.
The traditional sexual division of labour (gender gaps in caring and educating children or grandchildren, as well as in cooking and housework) may inhibit women's participation in transport cycling.
For Labour, the gap is wider: 62% say they are less likely to back Labour after the conferences, against 20% who say more.
The government constantly tweaks its system of awarding points to prospective immigrants for languages, education and skills, in order to match them with labour-market gaps.
