Women with hypertension, diabetes, preterm labor, fetal presentation other than cephalic presentation and multiple gestations were excluded from the study.
Fetal distress, CPD, post term, obstructed labor, breech presentation, "rupture of membranes" and failed induction accounted for about half (49.4%) of the primary CS, while 83.4% of the repeat CS had previous CS as sole indication.
It was defined based on history and clinical manifestations (e.g., large fetal head in proportion to pelvic outlet, prolonged labor, breech presentation, mechanical assistance with delivery), transfontanel cranial ultrasonography or CT results and knowledge of the birth weight-specific risks of the type of hemorrhage.
About 68% of unplanned cesarean section was reported to be due to the abnormal progress of labor among vertex presentations [ 2]. Labor abnormality can be encountered at all stages of labor as a prolonged latent first stage, active first stage disorder (protracted or arrested cervical dilatation or descent) and second stage disorder (prolonged or arrest of descent) [ 1].
Naming their fledgling organization after an offhand remark by Ms. Wolfe ("a bunch of composers banging on cans"), the three composers handled all the labor for their presentations, personally: typing and copying fliers, selling beer, cleaning bathrooms, paying musicians.
Controls were 53 women with spontaneous labor in breech presentation that had a trial of vaginal delivery, and 54 women with breech presentation who delivered by elective cesarean section.
Objective: Induction of labor in breech presentation, although not contraindicated, has rarely been reported.
We systematically selected 507 and 581 singleton, nulliparous, term pregnancies with spontaneous onset of labor and vertex presentation from the respective times before and after the times that epidural analgesia was available on request during labor.
395 healthy, nulliparous women, at term, presented in spontaneous labor with a singleton vertex presentation.
The data demonstrated that difficult labor, fetal distress, breech presentation and APH were the main indications for emergency CS, whereas previous CS, breech presentation, maternal request and maternal conditions were the main indications for elective CS.
