Socially, safety increases, some port areas modestly consolidate, needed processing capacity often reduces, and labor markets shift from part time jobs to full time jobs with similar total employment.
Following the market reform that started in the late 1970s, more and more women in urban China have withdrawn from paid work due to changes in labor policies, the rapid transformation of the Chinese labor market, and shifting attitudes about gender roles.
The struggle of the more than three million temporary workers nationwide is perhaps the starkest sign of how rapidly the labor market has shifted since late last year.
But regardless of whether the nation is at the magical full-employment mark, there are clearer signs that the balance of power in the labor market is shifting toward employees.
These include the proliferation of technology, the growth of informal labor markets, income shifts from labor to capital, the emerging shortage of jobs and demographic shifts in labor supply, as well as questions over environmental sustainability.
Instead of looking for rigidities in the labor market, new Keynesians shifted their attention to the goods market and the sticky prices that resulted from "menu cost" models of price change.
This fact, together with recent changes in educational policy in Europe aiming to facilitate the incorporation of graduate students to the labor market, has provoked a shift on the delivery of instruction and on the role played by teachers and students, stressing the need for development of both basic and cross-curricular competencies.
In today's tight labor market, companies need to shift resources to employee retention.
Such an inflow may have had quite a significant short term displacement effect, which could have gradually dissipated over time as the labor market adjusted to the shift in the labor supply.
Is the cultural threat also an economic one, by shifting labor market participation, societal demographics, and the demand for particular welfare services?
