However, current platforms have different limiting factors, such as labor intensive sample preparations, low detection limits, slow scan speeds, intensive method optimization for each metabolite, and the inability to measure both positively and negatively charged ions in single experiments.
Despite the advantages of cellulose gel permeation chromatography to analyze cellulose molecular weight distributions during enzymatic hydrolysis, only very few studies performed GPC measurements due to a complex and labor intensive sample preparation [ 9, 10].
Accurate estimation of crop damage by wildlife often requires labor-intensive sampling procedures.
Pyrosequencing is a highly effective method for quantitatively genotyping short genetic sequences, but it currently is hampered by a labor-intensive sample preparation process designed to isolate single-stranded DNA from double-stranded products generated by conventional PCR.
The arrays are generally considered easier to use with less complicated and less labor-intensive sample preparation than RNA-Seq.
The normalized cDNA library was sequenced using Roche 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing [ 29] with several modifications that improved sequence reproducibility while reducing labor-intensive sample manipulations [ 30, 31].
Before this invention, the standard practice for monitoring combustion by-products involved lengthy, labor-intensive sample extractions and preparations that could require several weeks.
Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis should be performed to include conjugates, and the overall procedure is time-consuming and costly and requires a labor-intensive sample preparation.
However, these tests are not suitable for effective, fast, high-throughput routine diagnostic screening because they are labor intensive, the samples are prone to contamination and have relatively lower sensitivity.
Because phloem thickness requires labor intensive and destructive sampling we used the volume of the cylinder around the trunk as an index of food availability estimated as trunk cross-sectional area multiplied by tree height.
