The percentage of permutations that resulted in no greater number of misclassifications than for the original labeling of specimens was reported.
Important factors include anatomical labelling of all specimens, especially lymph-node samples; details of surgery performed, especially if non-standard surgery has been performed, to help assist the assessment of margins; and information regarding any neo-adjuvant therapy delivered.
Indeed, where comparable data were available for genes previously used for sequence based-typing, the majority of the discrepancies were due to errors in the editing or labelling of the specimens used in the original Sanger sequences, and the remaining, the result of STR sequence compression during assembly [ 49].
Each study site adhered to standards of Good Clinical Laboratory Practice [ 10], the HPTN Manual of Laboratory Operations, and local standard operating procedures for proper collection, processing, labeling, transport of specimens to the local testing laboratories, storage, and shipping of specimens to the HPTN Network Laboratory.
However, logistical breakdowns in the labelling and transport of specimens, the return of results and their entry into the patient database should be considered as limitations in our causal analysis.
Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis of most solid tumors is based on tissue biological changes or specific antibody labeling of tissue specimens.
Advances in labeling of pyrosequencing specimens will facilitate linkage TDR mutations across the pol gene making it possible to use this approach for TDR surveillance for mutations in both protease and reverse transcriptase.
Labeling of aortic specimens for the endothelial and smooth muscle cell markers CD31 and α-SMA, respectively, revealed similar staining distribution and intensity, excluding prominent histological differences of endothelial and smooth muscle cell layers (Fig. 6).
Further work by Meyer and colleagues found BrdU labelling of breast cancer specimens to correlate with S-phase measured by HTdR [ 18] and flow cytometry [ 14].
For example, SBA lectin labeling of a specimen kept for 13 days in perfusion culture illustrates that numerous tubules can be detected in this specific area (Figure4a).
