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A boronic acid-based sensor system was used for the detection and labelling of bacteria [22].
They involve hazardous manipulations of radioactive media (initial radioactive labelling of bacteria which are then used as food for worms grown on agar plates), and are confounded by several limitations, such as poor intake and uncontrolled or unequal distribution of the label throughout the tissue or animal.
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The results under fluorescence microscopy show that SA-FSiNPs can be applied effectively for the labeling of bacteria S. typhimurium with great photostable property.
In addition, fluorescent labeling of bacteria is attributed to the interaction between the streptavidin on the surface of nanomaterials and biotin on the surface of bacteria rather than the nonspecific binding between the nanomaterials and bacteria [32 34].
Because of the specific binding between streptavidin and biotin, the SA-FSiNPs can be effectively applied for the labeling of bacteria S. typhimurium in various complex backgrounds, which had been further confirmed in the multiple bacteria mixture and practical chicken samples.
To test that external labeling of bacteria was effective and limited to external bacteria, GM-MФs were incubated with GFP-S.
Most importantly, our system does not need labeling of the bacteria and provides a novel, effective means for bacterial growth inhibition tests, especially for investigations of slowly growing bacteria, such as N. europaea, and could be applied to studies of single cell variability or exposure to a range of environmental pressures.
To achieve red fluorescent labeling of external bacteria cells were incubated for 15 minutes with PBS/4% FBS (blocking buffer), incubated for 40 minutes with 10 µg/ml mouse monoclonal IgG3 anti-S.
For green fluorescent labeling of internal bacteria cells were permeabilized by incubation for 20 minutes with 0.1% saponin in blocking buffer (BP buffer), then incubated for 60 minutes with10 µg/ml mouse monoclonal IgG3 anti-S.
On the other hand, we readily detected circumferential labeling of waaL15 bacteria, confirming the presence of accessible D-Ala-D-Ala residues at the cell surface.
An analysis of whole cell protein expression of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Table) during growth in HEp-2 cells and in response to treatment with interferon-γ was possible after radioactive labeling of the bacteria (22).
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