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Thus, biochemical and MRS metabolic assays that use C1-labelled glucose are subject to significant label loss and underestimates of CMRglc when the pentose shunt pathway is activated.
When CMRglc is assayed with C1-labelled glucose, the pentose pathway will cause label loss and underestimation of CMRglc.
Increased pentose shunt pathway flux also causes label loss from C1 of glucose.
Label loss can arise from exchange of labelled lactate in brain for unlabelled lactate in blood (pathway 3).
These data rule out significant label loss by lactate exchange in 5 10 min experiments in normal adult rat brain (Dienel and Cruz, 2009).
This indicates that metabolites downstream of Glc-6-P diffused into the larger volume and that there was label loss during activation or conversion into metabolites that did not spread readily.
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Then, we study the consistency of two well-known multi-label loss functions, i.e., ranking loss and hamming loss.
Many multi-label approaches have been developed, mostly working with surrogate loss functions because multi-label loss functions are usually difficult to optimize directly owing to their non-convexity and discontinuity.
Cell division or spontaneous exocytosis is responsible for such labeling loss.
For example, if there is only one normal and one gain annotation on a profile, then the rest of the segments will be labeled as either normal or gain, and there will be no segments labeled loss.
To quantify epidermal deterioration pictures of epidermal samples of different genotypes and time points, we defined four classes I to IV reflecting distinct stages of epidermal membrane labeling loss.
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