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L trans j is the size of a packet, which is the sum of the packet header size Lhead, the amount of data c i j received from a lower layer, and the amount of data L relay j to be relayed from nodes on the same layer, as follows: L trans j = L head + L data c i j + L relay j, (4).
TO-cells originating from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) head kidney leukocytes characterized to possess macrophage/dendritic-like properties [ 10, 11], were propagated at 20°C in HMEM (Eagle's minimal essential medium [MEM] with Hanks' balanced salt solution [BSS]) supplemented with L-glutamine, MEM nonessential amino acids, gentamicin sulfate, and 10% FBS.
To gain a global understanding of antiviral genes induced by type I IFNs in salmonids, we used RNA-seq to characterize the transcriptomic changes induced by type I IFN treatment and salmon alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV-3) infection in TO-cells, a macrophage/dendritic like cell-line derived from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) head kidney leukocytes.
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Using RT-PCR Orco expression was detected in the antennae (A) of T. domestica, but not in legs (L), heads without antennae and palps (H), and bodies (B).
These sites were: calcaneous (HL); medial aspect of the transverse arch of the foot (M-M); proximal end of the fifth metatarsal (M-L); head of the first metatarsal (F-M); and, distal end of the fifth metatarsal (F-L .Stimulation was provided by a Digitimer Constant Current High Voltage Stimulator (Model DS7AH) with trains oF-L .Stimulationses at 300 Hz.
An L-head groyne consists of parallel and perpendicular wall to flow direction.
In this study, the maximum depth of scour around straight and L-head groynes is compared.
The optimal angle for L-head groynes with a parallel wall in the downstream direction is found to be θ = 110° and for L-head groynes with parallel wall in the upstream direction is identified to be θ = 60°.
The distance to the thalweg line from the L-head groyne decreased compared to that of the straight groyne.
An overhead-valve engine, which has largely replaced the L-head type, has its valves entirely in the cylinder head.
The results show that the maximum depth of scour around L-head groynes with parallel walls toward upstream direction is less than that of straight groynes.
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