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In scale-up biphasic leaching process of polymetallic concentrate, the ferric bioregeneration cycles were performed in 15.0 L down flow packed bed reactor; whereas the chemical leaching cycles were done using the biogenerated ferric in an indigenously designed 10.0 L stirred tank reactor.
According to Eq. (6), scaling the channel length l down leads to decrease of resistance and current increase, which corresponds to increase of charge carriers in the channel.
InSe layers of different thickness L (down to ≈4 nm) and single monolayer steps (≈1 nm) were identified by AFM.
14– 22 We demonstrate strong quantum confinement effects in these flakes, which have thickness L down to a few nanometres.
The quantum confinement energies are also larger than those measured in other direct gaps III VI compounds, such as GaSe, where decreasing L down to ∼ 2 nm blue-shifts the PL emission by only 20 meV. 25 These observations reveal much stronger quantum confinement effects in InSe due to the smaller band gap (= 1.2635 eV) and exciton reduced mass (= 0.054 along the c-axis).
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