The linear polycarbonate (PC-L) as reference and three branched polycarbonates (PC-Bs) have similar molecular weights and molecular weight distributions, while the PC-Bs have different branching degrees, below 0.7 branch points/chain and above twice of Mc.
Tropical biomass feedstock candidates, banagrass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum glaucum), guinea grass (Panicum maximum), energy cane (Saccharum spontaneum), and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L). (as reference) were harvested and processed using pressing and leaching techniques to improve fuel properties for thermochemical conversion.
With B6-II and B8-II as lead candidates, we expanded our evaluation of kinetic properties to two additional substrates; l-FMAU as reference PET reporter and d-dC as the preferred substrate of our original dCK templates.
For the HLA-DRB1 locus, allele L was used as reference.
We used 100 randomly chosen RNA sequences of length L = 76 as reference sequences, by randomly drawing bases A, G, C, and U from a uniform distribution in which each base has a probability 0.25 of being drawn at any position.
L-DOPA content was calculated using a standard curve prepared using L-DOPA (Sigma-Aldrich) as reference.
L-Ascorbic acid (Sigma, USA) was used as reference antioxidant control.
We used peak areas for quantification of L-arginine concentrations, using an external standard as reference.
The rescaled velocity components are defined as follows v x = v x ∗ v c ∗, v r = v r ∗ ε v c ∗, u x = ε u x ∗ u c ∗, u r = u r ∗ u c ∗, where the characteristic velocity u c ∗ is taken so that φ u c ∗ = ε v c ∗. Next we define a characteristic time t c ∗ = L ∗ / v c ∗, which we select as reference time scale.
Mean total immunoglobulin concentration was 54.4 ± 26.4 g/L measured by ELISA as reference method.
We considered the LL (bi-allelic polymorphism) and L*L* (tri-allelic polymorphism) genotypes as reference.
