We also don't know with any reliability how different doses might lead to different side effects or drug-drug interactions, or how drastically these effects may differ from body to body or in conjunction with other conditions.
Structural and mechanical reliability analysis often face the problem that probability distributions of the input variables are known with imprecision.
In combination with the previously known high reliability and stability, this confirms the validity of the CCQ at the individual patient level.
As the use of functioning outcomes is increasingly being advocated in multinational clinical trials and comparative studies, making available instruments with known validity and reliability in several languages is required.
Where possible, established questionnaire items from the literature with known reliability and validity were used.
Administration of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a commonly used screening instrument for depressive symptomatology with known reliability and validity [ 15, 16 ].
An analysis based on a limited number of variables with known reliability may achieve an inter-hospital comparison, reasonably similar to a comparison based on medical record data [ 46].
ROIs were manually drawn on the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) single-subject MRI template [ 4], based on specific anatomical landmarks (such as brain fissures and sulci), using published protocols with known intra-rater reliability higher than 90% [ 5, 6, 7].
In selecting measures for this study, we chose those with known reliability and validity; sensitivity to change that is expected to occur as a consequence of intervention; relevance to and wide usage in depression research, and acceptability by the target population.
An $18,000 new car may not have side-impact air bags, though a late-model used car with a known reliability record that has the side-impact bags can cost just $13,000.
