On the other hand, perhaps in tension with transparency views, subjective and objective instructions seem sometimes to differ importantly, especially in cases of known illusion, Gestalt effects such as perceived grouping, stimuli near the limits of perceivability, and the experience of ambiguous figures (Boring 1921; Merikle, Smilek, and Eastwood 2001; Siewert 2004).
Theoretical neuroscientist Yair Weiss of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem now presents a simple theoretical model that explains most of the known illusions and misperceptions.
Turning once again to Clinton, we see her playing into a thinking error known as illusion of control.
For example, he points out that well known visual illusions, such as the Ponzo and Müller-Lyer illusions, continue to deceive us even when we know perfectly well that they are illusions (figure 4.4.1_1).
But the trick is different than performing magic, where the magician knows the illusion.
For many years, psychologists have studied the size weight illusion, also known as the Charpentier illusion after the French physician who first studied it.
Knowing the illusion we've been sold enables us to categorize according to our perception, so that when we come into contact with a particular person-brand, we know how to classify them, which sends a signal to us letting us know the scope and limit of how that interaction must play out.
An early, personal level application of the notion is Tim Crane's paper on the waterfall illusion (Crane 1988a. An illustration of the waterfall illusion, also known as the motion aftereffect illusion, can be found here).
Unfortunately for proponents of this theory, the illusion itself is not cognitively penetrable – it has long be known that the illusion persists even well after subjects have been told the stimuli all have the same mass [6].
In a paper published in Science in 2000, for instance, Eagleman looked at an optical illusion known as the flash-lag effect.
Last week's appearance — perhaps "apparition" is a better word — of Tupac onstage more than 15 years after he was fatally shot was created using an old-fashioned stage illusion known as "Pepper's Ghost".
