Policymakers agree with this vision: cooperation and knowledge transfer initiatives involving universities have become a top priority for many countries, even if there are different ways of local applications (known as "European Paradox" EC 2002; OECD 2013).
Assistance was provided to developing and transitional countries in assessing land markets and regulations, private mortgages and tenure information, bringing together administrators from Balkan and EU countries and contributing to a larger alliance for knowledge transfer through the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Initiative.
Through an open-source platform, this initiative should increase knowledge transfer between providers and contribute to the development of clinical, decision-support applications.
Wayne Jonas, MD, Samueli's CEO told the group that with its emphasis on training and education, innovation, and knowledge transfer, integrative health care aligns well with other key initiatives of the next administration.
By way of an answer, Kader Konuk lays out her plan for an Exile Academy in Germany, a recently funded initiative that will facilitate new forms of knowledge transfer between Turkey, the Middle East, Europe, and farther afield.
Finally, we argue that by paying greater attention to the broad range of knowledge transfer mechanisms (in addition to patenting and spin-outs), policy initiatives could contribute to building the researchers' skills necessary to integrate the worlds of scientific research and application.
This highlights the importance of new initiatives that seek to advance knowledge exchange and knowledge transfer within the basin to reach the goal of integrated basin management.
This has been a key component in the current model, facilitated through collaborations between students, practitioners and academics, collaborations with industry and the private sector through successful establishment of Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTPs) (http://www.ktponline.org.uk/), and collaborations with national research initiatives.
At the regional level many European, Asian and Latin American countries have introduced reforms and public policy initiatives to encourage and improve entrepreneurial activities and technology and knowledge transfer.
Such initiatives offer a modest but determined attempt to redress the balance in global knowledge transfer.
Governmental initiatives, such as 'University Challenge' (which provided seed funding) and HEROBC or HEIF (which build knowledge transfer capabilities in universities), have encouraged universities, through the provision of funding, to undertake commercialisation activities (Salter et al. 2000).
