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Students were pre- and post-tested on new vocabulary words with the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale.
"Views about Scientific Knowledge Scale" were used as pre-test and post-test for the experimental and control group.
According to post-test grades obtained from "Views about Scientific Knowledge Scale", there were statistically significant differences supporting the experimental group.
Further, female officers scored significantly higher on stigma measure (indicating less stigma towards Presons with mental illnesses) in both pre- (t(295.69) = 3.57, p < .001) and posttest scoress (t(303.04) = 4.18, p < .001).
The only exception was that liberalism in Christians was associated with less growth in scores on the knowledge scale (β = −.587, p < .01; see Table 7).
Analyses indicate that the MCQ ability scales are more reliable and valid per unit of testing time than are PMPs and that clinical judgment and synthesis scales are slightly more correlated with PMPs than is the knowledge scale.
PBL students scored 54.0% while LBL students scored 55.5% on the knowledge scale [p-value; 0.63].
Knowledge scale : percentage of correctly answered questions.
Additionally the instrument comprised of a 12-item knowledge scale.
Third, the knowledge scale showed a clear ceiling effect.
Fisher's exact test was used to test for an improvement in each knowledge scale.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com