One common lesson is the importance of local action for effective risk management, whether in the form of participation, incorporation of indigenous knowledge, or community-based DRR.
These included rehousing and changes to: indoor equipment or furniture; respondents' knowledge or behaviour; community norms or collective behaviour; housing policy or regulatory practices, and health practitioners' behaviour.
This applies also to the field of traditional medicine where the question of how to protect indigenous or community knowledge is very complex.
We argue that the Charter's overarching vision helped to create an epistemic or knowledge community for health promotion at international and Canadian national levels.
Such diversity inside the community makes interaction among community members possible; if such interactions could be better utilized and community knowledge or skill shared and inherited, each individual's learning activity can be expected to improve.
Combinations of less community knowledge or experience of cancer, stigma and sometimes lower educational opportunity may mean individuals from minority ethnic communities remain less aware of the potential relevance to their health of family history or risk of cancer.
Other suitable methods include: peer evaluation, which may ably assess individual student effort, interaction with the community, leadership, knowledge or subject matter; supervisors' checklists; feedback from community leaders; and individual and group reports.
Nevertheless and sadly, significant numbers of dentists and hygienists cannot resist providing tremendous amounts of "dental knowledge", even before adequate individual or community diagnoses and risk levels have been defined.
First, while it is possible to serve individuals from a wide variety of ethno-racial groups, it is possible that individuals from poorly represented ethno-racial groups will continue to face barriers to care due to shortages in case managers and peer support from these groups, and limited staff knowledge or expertise about their community of origin.
In the same way, a knowledge building community thrives or declines on the basis of its production of valuable knowledge.
