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Separate effect sizes were calculated for two different outcomes: behaviours and knowledge measurements.
For the pre-post test knowledge measurements we developed a multiple-choice question (MCQ) instrument, following Downing's recommendations for effective test development [ 20, 21].
To the best of our knowledge, measurements of the butyric acid levels produced by C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 strains as a result of combined C6+-ion beam radiation and fermentation have not been reported.
To our knowledge, measurements of both Gd and the chelate in tissue samples from the same animals have not been published for any of the other GBCAs on the market.
To our knowledge, measurements on intracellular ROS generation and scavenging in high and low oxidative fibers have not been undertaken, but the available data for muscle cells indicate that contractile activity increases ROS production two to fourfold (McArdle et al. 2005; Vasilaki et al. 2006).
Second, given our current state of knowledge, measurements of BPA metabolites in urine cannot be used to predict serum unconjugated BPA (uBPA), since back-calculations to estimate serum uBPA require measurements of total BPA in a 24-hr urine sample as well as knowledge of all routes of exposure.
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To the best of authors' knowledge, measurement of thermoelectric properties of Bi2Se3 is seldom reported.
Assessment of declarative business administration knowledge: Measurement development and validation, unpublished manuscript).
An objective test with evidence of validity was used for knowledge measurement.
The research questions were: (1) Does FS in progress testing introduce construct-irrelevant variance into the knowledge measurement?
Choosing a DKO may not only be affected by knowledge level, but also by risk taking tendency, and may thus introduce construct-irrelevant variance into the knowledge measurement.
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