As the return to knowledge-intensive activities exploded, so did the economic fortunes of idea-producing places.Top cities became hotbeds of innovative activity against which other places could not easily compete.
An emerging shortage of talent and a recognition of knowledge sources far more spread around the globe have induced firms to re-think their configuration of knowledge-intensive activities, such as R&D.
When we also include transition and Mediterranean countries over a shorter time period (1990 2011), we find that human capital significantly and positively impacts on the countries' economic growth but the effect of human capital via specialization in high-tech and knowledge-intensive activities is negative.
They, too, want to fire up their economies by attracting jobs in financial and business services and by encouraging knowledge-intensive activities linked to local universities.One worry is that the best and the brightest still seem to be lured to the capital.
As a result, I advance a cross-level model of how a system of reciprocally influencing network-level (i.e., structural) and dyad-level (i.e., relational) social mechanisms affects the propensity of allied organizations to engage in knowledge-intensive activities that yield considerable knowledge-based benefits and strategic outcomes at the alliance and firm levels.
It actively promotes biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and health care services businesses in the biomedical sciences industry that engage in knowledge-intensive activities such as discovery research, product development, clinical research, high-tech manufacturing, and regional business functions.
But when compared to hierarchy, networks allow greater efficiency and flexibility in knowledge-intensive activities.
Manufacturing is a knowledge-intensive activity and the Internet has become a useful tool for storing, sharing, and reusing knowledge.
