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The maturity of the medical know-how controls the knowledge flow through these knowledge bases.
This study identifies BIM technology structure and the characteristics of knowledge flow through a patent citation network.
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We find knowledge flows through market transactions to be more geographically localized than those operating through nonmarket spillovers.
Another study measures the intrinsic relational structure of knowledge flows through variables which among others included co-patent applications as an indicator of marketable innovations (Maggioni and Uberti 2007).
Future projects aiming to improve knowledge flows through information technologies should focus both on developing technically feasible and robust channels and on encouraging knowledge sharing behavior.
Embodied knowledge flow takes place through the purchase of machinery, equipment, and components that incorporate new technologies; disembodied knowledge flow is the process whereby knowledge is disseminated through human mobility and research spillovers.
The example of Chinese experiences of face in expanding and enhancing the competence of the mainstream sociological concept of face has been provided in the present paper as an instance of both a corrective response to asymmetrical knowledge flow and also a demonstration, through this response, of intellectual entrepreneurship.
These bilateral flows among the blocks are better representation of knowledge flow directions than the traditional linear knowledge flows from universities/PRIs through the firms/industry to the economy as illustrated by most studies in the current literature (Gulbrandsen and Rasmussen 2012).
There seems to be a prevailing assumption amongst PE teachers that people can just run, without any training in how to do it, and that, when passed a cricket bat some sort of sacred knowledge will flow through its handle, instilling the bearer with an understanding of the byzantine rules of the game.
Through knowledge flows, organizations can provide workers with task-relevant knowledge to satisfy their knowledge-needs.
This paper compares the localization of knowledge flows from university inventions through market contracts (licenses) and nonmarket "spillovers" exemplified by patent citations.
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