6 9 Knowledge is contested by each community and shaped and reshaped by each group to meet its own needs and demands; it is a social construction, produced, embedded and mediated by social and political processes.
Although the validity of the concept of tacit knowledge has been contested (Perraton and Tarrant 2007; Schmidt 2012), it is, nonetheless, a useful concept for the knowledge residing in personnel that is difficult to capture in standard operating procedures (SOP).
Like other American anthropologists of her generation, she was interested in epistemology; she wanted to examine knowledge as a social construct, strongly connected to time, place, politics, and identity, and she wanted to do it in a culture where the status of common knowledge was being contested, even violently contested.
The President appeared unaware of the distinction between contraband itself and the proceeds that may flow from it; no policymaker, to my knowledge, has ever contested cops' right to seize drugs or other direct contraband, and forfeiture isn't required — or even called upon — to do so.
Contested knowledge among the participants became obvious and could be assessed in detail.
Effective integration requires the development of a new collaborative approach to governance that is designed to cope with scale dependencies and interactions, uncertainty and contested knowledge, and interdependency among diverse and unequal interests.
They have implications for understanding how research evidence is used and interpreted in policy and practice, particularly in contested knowledge areas.
SRT acknowledges that socially negotiated knowledge is continually contested and debated as groups (be they women, youth or MSM) go about their everyday lives.
They provide empirical data regarding what many have written about regarding barriers to evidence-based decision-making and research utilization [ 23, 34, 69- 71], they have implications for understanding how research evidence is taken-up and interpreted in policy and practice, and they can inform development of specific KT strategies in contested knowledge areas.
More troubling is the underlying recession of national authorities from those fora in which knowledge and influence are asserted and contested.
