Interestingly, the deletion of Fto in the nervous system resulted in the similar growth retardation phenotypes as the whole body knockout, indicating that Fto functions in the brain to regulate growth.
The smaller EJPs and mEJPs in the parkin knockout indicate a reduction in synaptic transmission.
However, HL mRNA and HL secretion are not completely lost by HNF1α knockout, indicating that HNF1α is not the only transcription factor determining HL expression in liver.
For example, specific immunostaining and gene knockout indicate that Nav1.1 channels are present and constitute a significant fraction of sodium current in the cell bodies of dissociated Purkinje neurons (Kalume et al., J Neurosci, 2007).
As described above, the appearance of a rudimentary kidney (albeit hypoplastic) in some Ret knockouts indicates that a stimulus for UB outgrowth which "bypasses" canonical GDNF-Ret signaling is active in these mice (Fig. 2).
Analysis of surviving CSRNP-1, -2 and -3 triple knockouts, indicated that hematopoiesis was not affected (data not shown).
Double knockouts indicate that together FEZ and FEZL play a role in rostral brain patterning in mouse.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02510.026 10.7554/eLiFigure10.027 Figure 6 figure supplement 1. Serum analyses in Dicer knockouts indicate metabolic defects.
Interestingly, the loss of ITGA2 mimics the renal phenotype of DDR1 knockouts, indicating a similar role of both collagen receptors within the kidney.
