Fig. 7. Model electron energy angle distributions from particle tracing simulations with zero surface potential and incoherent crustal magnetization with 4 km wavelength and strength sufficient to produce average surface crustal field magnitudes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 nT.
The first part describes the KM method, its strengths, limitations, and evolution.
The analysis of depth-to-Diameter variations over the whole surface also brings some insight into the transition regions between different cratering regimes: about 20 km for the strength-to-gravity dominated regime, and 38 km for the beginning of the simple-to-complex transition.
The linear relationship between ROCSAT-1 measured E × B drifts and EEJ for Indian and Japanese sectors has been compared with a similar relationship with Jicamarca Unattended Long-term Ionosphere Atmosphere Radar (JULIA) measured E × B drifts (150 km echos) and EEJ strength from Peruvian sector during 2003.
Because the depth range of the fault for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is about 10 to 50 km, the estimated fault strength is significantly weak for their depth, from the perspective of rock laboratory experiments under dry conditions (e.g., Kohlstedt et al. 1995).
The average signal strength s km of each enriched mark m in state k is randomly sampled from uniform distribution U 1, 4) for k = 1, …, K − 1 and from U (0.05, 1 ) for k = K to simulate a chromatin state with low signal.
The second peak was located below 1000 km, were the magnetic field strength drops sharply but the electron density is still high.
The filled circle at 39.1° S, 209.9° E highlights orbit 4. Colors indicate the magnetic field strength at 150 km based upon the model of Arkani-Hamed (2004) Fig. 3 Top.
From Dulk and Mclean ([1978]), the typical magnetic field strength above 35,000 km from the solar surface is about 44 G; this value is of the same order as the derived magnetic field (85 to 98 G).
For instance, it represents about 0.01% of the total Earth's magnetic field strength at 400 km height (with a root mean square of about 3.8 nT using the NGDC-720 model; Maus, 2010) and its magnitude rarely exceeds 20 nT.
