Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(7)
Recall that in early Chinese thought the same/different relation may refer to either identity or kind relations.
A number of interpretations have the potential to meet these requirements, including interpretations involving part-whole relations, scope ambiguity, kind relations, and identity relations.
Because the same/different relation comprises both kind relations and part-whole relations, Thesis 5 can also be taken to include part-whole relations.
Given the context of pre-Han thought, we should expect the text to toy with the problem of distinguishing "same" from "different," potentially touching on identity, part-whole, and kind relations.
The practical upshot is roughly the same as that of "uniting same and different," but the latter refers to kind relations between objects, "making so the not-so" to speech and action.
According to the Mohists, "sameness" can refer to at least four types of relations: identity; part-whole relations; being distinct but inseparable features of the same object, such as the hardness and whiteness of a white stone; and kind relations, or being part of the extension of the same term.
Similar(53)
Consequently all samples of water in all possible worlds will bear the same kind relation to one another.
According to Putnam, the extension of a natural kind term is fixed by ostending or otherwise identifying a sample of the kind and appealing, explicitly or implicitly, to a 'same kind relation'.
Putnam (1975a) thereby extends the notion of rigid designation to general terms, since (a) the same kind relation is a cross-world relation, and (b) it is anchored to a specific, actual world sample.
Thus the extension of 'water' includes all and only those things that bears the same kind relation to some sample, which may be specified loosely, for instance as 'the watery stuff around here' (where 'watery' is defined in terms of the manifest characteristics of water, not in terms of 'water').
He is an irrealist not only about universals, but also about propositions, events, times other than the present, natural kinds, relations, wholes, absolute space, hylomorphic composites, and the like.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com