Our study therefore provides a theoretical understanding of demarcation line formation between kin-discriminatory populations, and can be used for analyzing and designing future experiments.
The consistently good performance suggests that PHASE is robust to some violations of the underlying neutral coalescent model (e.g., selection, kin clustering, population structure [ 53]).
Taylor and Buckling (2010) found that the benefit of dispersal was much higher in clonal (highly related, or kin based) bacterial populations, and these clonal populations were more likely to disperse under very high resource-dependent costs than mixed dispersal strategy populations.
Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of kin- and population-recognition in European beewolves.
Vital status during follow-up was determined through direct contact with the patient or next of kin, or through population and hospital registries.
We understand the pathway to the fraternal transitions in terms of the evolution of SNMs affecting the relatedness between social partners (e.g. kin recognition or population viscosity).
Such cheating does appear to provide a benefit to individual bacteria, although it is expected to be less pervasive in clonal populations where kin selection favors cooperation [41].
However, benefits to cooperation may be offset by the increased competition generated between kin in patchy, unmixed populations (Griffin et al. 2004).
Unlike the first to arrive, they are not all ethnic kin of the local population, which supported Mr Ouattara.
Such data will be useful to develop new models and design behavioural studies that will help to assess the role of kin selection in structured population.
Aggregation in T. thermophila reflects cooperation through both the exchange in growth and survival factors at low population density [ 32] and longer population persistence among kin in more aggregative cell strains (unpublished data).
