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Controls included laser light alone, no treatment and maximal killing control.
Controls included an untreated cell control and a maximal killing control.
The percent of cytotoxicity based on the OD490 nm was calculated using the following formula: Percent of cytotoxicity = (PDT treated cells-no treatment control average)/(maximal killing control average-no treatment control average) × 100%.
The cells in the maximal killing control were the same as the no treatment control except that the cells were completely lysed by the addition of a 1/10 volume of 9% Triton X-100 for 45 min prior to the cell viability assay.
In the maximal killing control wells, cells were lysed by addition of 1/10 volume of 9% Triton X-100 45 min before crystal violet staining.
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Percent of surviving cells = (A595 nm of PDT-treated cells− average A595 nm of maximal killing controls)/ average A595 nm of untreated controls− average A595 nm of maximal killing controls) × 100%.
The text of the seven-page letter, which became public on the eve of President Vladimir V. Putin's trip to Poland for the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, accused Jews of carrying out ritual killings, controlling Russian and international capital, and staging hate crimes against themselves.
The % bioactivity was calculated according to the formula: (% killing sample/% killing spiking control) × 100%.
To identify the effector cells responsible for tumour killing, B16FasL, control B16F10 cells or PBS were injected into the peritoneum.
One of the clearest impediments to mass killings, gun control advocates say, is a limit on the size of magazines permitted for civilian gun owners.
The report also discussed what it said was "Colombia's right-wing paramilitary leader Carlos Castaño's use of violence, intimidation and even killings to control the local news media".
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