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Multiple gene-swapping events brought them together in a single killer strain, say the researchers; improving surveillance in humans and in swine could alert scientists to such events early in the future.
the team broke the virus down and inserted genes from the killer strain, one at a time, into a related but benign bird influenza virus that normally infects only the lungs of mice.
After all, ensuring that our government does its job means we can all rest a little easier knowing we have systems in place to protect us from the next threat to the public health -- be it an outbreak of contaminated food or a killer strain of the flu.
Scientists are largely in the dark about how to stop or treat the slew of never-seen-before global health problems of recent years, from the emergence of the deadly MERS virus in Saudi Arabia, to a new killer strain of bird flu in China and an unprecedented Ebola outbreak in West Africa.
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But it's no joke to ask if killer strains of plague could return.
For example, it is not known how obligate symbiosis is established in the first place or how sensitive strains can pick up Caedibacter and become killers, nor how killer Paramecium strains are protected from their own specific R-body producing endosymbionts (Gibson 1973; Preer et al. 1974).
The membrane bioreactor made it possible to carry out mixed killer/sensitive fermentations with a double physiological characterization of both killer and sensitive strains.
Nor was the Spiroplasma found in the D. melanogaster female a male-killer, as the strain was established in culture and yielded infected flies of both sexes.
Since the first discovery of killer toxin-secreting strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ 3], yeast killer phenomenon has been documented in many different yeast species and genera from the environment, including Wickerhamomyces anomalus (previously known as Pichia anomala and Hansenula anomala) and Aureobasidium pullulans [ 4– 9].
In the 1930s Tracey Sonneborn discovered that some strains of the Paramecium aurelia complex have a killer phenotype toward sensitive strains (Beale and Preer 2004; Preer 2006; Sonneborn 1938).
Mr. Brezhnev was convinced that President Nixon was trying to trick him, so he ordered creation of the Biopreparat program in the Soviet Union, which weaponized anthrax and mutant strains of killer viruses, including smallpox.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com