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BSD is a technology dependent on the microbial activities and the treatment itself does not aggressively kill microbial communities.
Efficient photodynamic inactivation of microbes requires highly efficient photosensitizers which kill microbial cells, but spare host tissues.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that these peptides kill microbial cells by penetrating the cell membrane and damaging the membrane envelope.
People born with CGD lack an enzyme called phagocyte NADPH oxidase, which white blood cells use to make the hydrogen peroxide needed to kill microbial invaders.
Quinones and other reactive intermediates (e.g. 5,6-dihydroxyindole) directly kill microbial pathogens and parasitoids [ 9].
During the melanisation process toxic intermediates such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) may kill microbial invaders directly.
Similar(52)
SYTOX green uptake, membrane depolarization and killing kinetics revealed that FK13-a1 and FK13-a7 kills microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging membrane integrity.
SYTOX Green uptake and membrane depolarization studies revealed that KR-12-a5 and its analogs kills microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging membrane integrity.
Fluorescence spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses indicated that RL and its derivatives killed microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging membrane integrity.
Microscopy studies suggest that this peptide kills microbial cells by inducing pores of ∼20 30 nm in size in microbial membrane on a short time scale, which further develops to grossly damaged membrane envelope on a longer time scale.
The results from fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that these designed peptides killed microbial cells by increasing membrane permeability and damaging membrane envelope integrity.
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