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This study proposes a dynamic economic model to map a market landscape that shows the internal condition (entrant's keystone effect) and external conditions (incumbent's keystone effect and indirect network effects) under which a new platform can successfully enter (i.e., maintain oligopoly or monopoly share) or fail to enter a two-sided market in a winner-take-all scenario.
We investigate a market entry scenario where a technologically-superior new platform may overcome its installed base disadvantage with the backing of a strong keystone species advantage within the business ecosystem, called keystone effect in this study, over an incumbent in a market that exhibits indirect network effects.
In both the historical data and hypothetical forecast scenario we find that WiMAX's keystone effect disadvantage and the market's indirect network effects were cumulatively strong enough to prevent the new technology standard from successfully competing with the incumbent (cellular 3G and Long Term Evolution) for oligopoly or monopoly share in the long run.
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The camera operator, Peter Rosenfeld, said that Fincher "likes symmetry — balanced compositions, strong lines, level frames, zero keystone effects".
We show that trait-mediated indirect interactions impart keystone effects, promoting or inhibiting host coexistence.
Hence, parasites that alter host traits can have clear keystone effects even if they are relatively benign, enhancing the range of conditions for IGP persistence, or excluding the IGpredator or IGprey.
"I don't like how they've treated people," said 75-year-old Jeanette Singleton of nearby Nacogdoches, who was worried about the Keystone's effect on the Angelina River.
This clause opens the door to fully considering keystone species effects when setting recovery goals.
However, few field studies have conducted removal experiments to test for keystone species effects (Valls et al. 2015).
TransCanada reiterated that production in the Alberta tar sands was expanding anyway, suggesting that Keystone would have no effect on climate change.
They are considered keystone structures because their effect on ecosystem functioning is believed to be disproportionate relative to the small area occupied by any individual tree.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com