'Menu' and 'MenuDelay' are used as before to indicate if the menu is being displayed and to stop the 'escape' key initiating the menu appearing an disappearing if the 'escape' key is held down.
However, any approach to modulate macrophage phenotype should be an adjunct to existing treatments of lowering lipids, for lipid deposition in the arterial wall is a key initiating factor in atherosclerosis and itself increases the inflammatory nature of the plaque, which could counteract efforts to promote a less inflammatory environment.
We also show that the mRNA levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), the key initiating factor and osteoclast associated receptor for RANKL, were potently suppressed by RA in osteoclast progenitors.
Thus, although loss of the Pten tumor suppressor and increased PI3K pathway signaling is a key initiating factor in tumorigenesis, it appears that additional cytogenetic or epigenetic events must occur prior to the development of the PIN lesions as observed at later stages in our mice (Figure 1B).
Leukocyte infiltration is one of the key initiating processes of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury [ 28].
Injury is one of the key initiating factors for OA development (Bhosale and Richardson 2008).
Conversely, the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) has been recently suggested as the key initiating step in pancreatic fibrosis.
Wnt5a is a key initiating factor in the non-canonical pathway, but its role in cancer is not known.
However, major needs in the field include the identification of key initiating events leading to impaired development and tissue function.
Although an imbalance between the production and clearance of Aβ40/42 is thought to be the key initiating pathology in AD, other contributing disease mechanisms remain to be resolved.
In particular, most carcinogenic metals are weak mutagens and do not induce DNA adduct formation, a key initiating event caused by other carcinogens (Salnikow and Zhitkovich 2008).
