The Hippo pathway's contribution to disease pathogenesis has sparked interest in the development of potential therapeutics that could target key effectors of the signaling cascade.
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is one of the key effectors of angiogenesis and primarily mediated by the interaction of VEGF with the receptor VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) [4, 5].
We have previously reported that developing buds in conjunction with circulating phagocytes are key effectors of zooid resorption and macromolecular recycling during takeover, and as such engineer the reconstitution of a functional asexual generation every week [Lauzon, R.J., Ishizuka, K.J., Weissman, I.L., 2002.
In an effort to mechanistically explore the biology of this contrasting behavior, we hypothesized that this differential response in flow-mediated remodeling is driven by unique temporal expression patterns and functional activities of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP -2 and -9, key effectors of blood vessel architecture reMMP -2ng.
Caspases are key effectors of apoptosis.
The transcription factor FOXO3a is one of the key effectors of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Consistent with this conclusion, we found that RNAi of several key effectors of acto-myosin function in the one-cell embryo also led to large numbers of invaginations.
Small G proteins of the Rho family GTPases, Rac1 and Rac2, are key effectors of these cytoskeletal changes, thereby integrating activation responses generated by LFA-1 transmembrane signaling.
Increased lifespan also has been achieved in many of the same organisms through mutation of single genes, including key effectors of the interrelated Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1)/Growth hormone (Gh) signaling pathways [2], [3].
In addition, it was shown that inhibition of ROCKs, key effectors of RhoA, caused a decrease in T cell proliferation and production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, and resulted in prolonged survival of cardiac allograft [48].
CD8+ T cells appear to be key effectors of CHS, since depletion of CD8+ T cells reduce CHS while MHC class II-deficiency leads to enhanced response [26] [31].
