Generally, students tend to include fewer key concepts and more naïve conceptions in cases of trait loss than in cases of trait gain, although the differences are less pronounced in within-species contexts.
This low-key conception might have something to do with the unmistakable overlap between the film's setting and the milieu of Joel and Ethan Coen's own childhood, even if they maintain that the central story – about the personal and professional travails of Professor Larry Gopnik Michael Stuhlbargg) – is not based on their father's life.
We first combined the key concept scores and alternative conception scores relating to the written explanation evolutionary trait gain items and the two written explanation trait loss items.
Key concept scores and alternative conception scores were also used to determine teachers' knowledge coherence, which refers to the consistency of explanatory concept use across items (in our case, the ACORNS items).
In the first two sections, we will discuss the key concepts of the study, privacy conceptions and metaphorical futures thinking.
The rubrics include detailed scoring information for seven key concepts (accurate ideas) and six alternative conceptions or naïve ideas.
Although some responses did contain alternative conceptions, teachers used different magnitudes of key concepts to build their evolutionary explanations.
Although still controversial (e.g., Maxwell & Beaulac, 2013), Haidt's inclusive and pluralist conception of morality offers a robust framework and set of key concepts (the six "intuitive ethics") needed for a meaningful discussion of the core questions.
Given the reliability information in this study, our analyses used the sum of the key concept scores across the four items but analyzed the four alternative conception scores individually.
Key Concept (KC) scores for each item ranged from 0 to 7, and alternative conception scores ranged from 0 to 6. Thus, the maximum KC score across all four items was 28, and the maximum alternative conception score was 24.
