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Kernel dry weight (KW), kernel water content and kernel volume were measured in apical and basal positions of the panicle throughout grain filling.
Bulk density was calculated by dividing kernel weight (mg, the date are presented in Table 1) by kernel volume (mm3) (Fukumori and Mishima 2002).
Increasing gap distance decreases the kernel development time by providing a larger initial kernel volume as well as reducing heat and radical quenching at the electrode surfaces.
Increasing of moisture content was found to increase axial dimensions, mass of 1000 seeds kernel surface area, kernel volume, and static friction coefficient, while decreasing bulk density, true density, and porosity.
The sphericity, kernel volume, kernel surface area, and thousand seed weight increased linearly from 0.677 to 0.717, 73.24 to 125.14 mm3, 96.26 to 134.92 mm2, and 136 to 157 g, respectively.
Kernel volume (V, mm3) was calculated as follows: V=4/3times L/2times D/2times T/2times pi where L, D, and T is the length (mm), width (mm), and thickness (mm) of the kernels, respectively.
Similar(47)
Before smoothing with an 8 mm full-width at half-maximum Gaussian kernel, volumes were realigned and spatially normalized to a standard echo-planar-imaging template in MNI space.
A new method, called kernel minimum volume covering ellipsoid (KMVCE) estimation, that finds an ellipsoid in a kernel-defined feature space is presented.
In diagram (b), this soluble volume fraction is broken into a volume fraction near the surface of grains (phi_{s,s}^) and a volume fraction in the kernels (bulk) of grains (phi_{s,b}^).
As a result of its improved kernel elongation, the volume expansion in the cooked rice is more than 4.0 times.
Kernel surface area, volume, and sphericity were found to increase from 47.07 to 61.02 mm2, 28.84 to 41.95 mm3, and 0.685 to 0.721, respectively.
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