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Confidentiality was assured by using code numbers rather than names and keeping questionnaires locked up.
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With respect to non-responders we try to reduce attrition by keeping the questionnaires as short as possible, making the intervention itself attractive, and offering an incentive for answering all questionnaires.
Furthermore, the Edwards et al. Cochrane methodology review on methods to increase response rates to postal and electronic questionnaires found that including monetary incentives, keeping the questionnaire short and contacting people before sending the questionnaire were ways to increase response rates (Edwards 2009).
It seems that existing outcome measures have not been able to grasp the difficulty of every-day life by keeping the questionnaires short and practical.
The nursing supervisor at each of the hospitals was in charge of keeping the questionnaires until the research team collected them two weeks later.
6 Edwards' systematic review on methods to increase response rates to postal and electronic questionnaires across a range of study types found that including monetary incentives, keeping the questionnaire short and contacting people before questionnaires were sent were ways to increase response rates.
The depression subscale was therefore retained for all subsequent analyses, keeping the questionnaire intact to maximise psychometric status.
Other important elements of survey design highlighted in the review by Edwards et al included keeping the questionnaire short, and mailing a second copy.
With some questions we acknowledge a degree of subjectivity in interpretation of their meaning, but there was a trade-off between attaining as large a sample as possible and keeping the questionnaire to a manageable size.
Another particular challenge of the SwiSCI survey was to obtain a comprehensive and detailed picture of the participants' situation while keeping the questionnaire in acceptable length to minimize drop-out and response bias [ 37].
In urban areas with hospitals keeping patient records, questionnaires for recurrent wheezing in infants can be validated by comparing the parental answers to questionnaires with diagnoses made by pediatric respiratory specialists and this has led to the use of such questionnaires in urban health centres in Latin America [ 39, 40].
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