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At polling stations KDP people wearing the Kurds' traditional baggy trousers and embroidered sashes danced away, while behind the scenes their colleagues are said to have stuffed ballot boxes.
A senior KDP man says that inside Iraq, Ahmad Chalabi, the INC's head, "represents nothing".
The Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), one of the two main Kurdish militias, asked Mr Hussein for help against its rival, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK).
These outside attacks merged into, and worsened, the factional Iraqi fighting: the KDP formed an alliance with the Turkish army; the PUK with Iran and the PKK.
According to Jafar Ali Mustafa, the Kurds' minister of state for Peshmerga affairs (in fact, the PUK's defence boss), they number some 200,000; half are loyal to his union, half to the Barzanis' KDP.
They are shedding their warlord identities, which lost them so much international goodwill during the bloody war between the KDP and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in the mid-90s.
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Revenue from this illicit trade (to which America turned a blind eye) helped finance the construction of hundreds of new schools, roads and hospitals in KDP-held territory, as well as a fledgling Kurdish army and local police force.But once Turkey had captured Abdullah Ocalan, the Kurdish rebel chief, in 1999 and he had called off his 15-year insurgency, Mr Barzani ceased to be useful.
Until recently, their KDP-Bakur disavowed the Kurdistan Workers Partyy (PKK), which has escalated its long war against the Turkish army, killing 48 soldiers in October alone.
Iraq's neighbours dislike the idea of a Kurdish state and, perhaps more important, Kurdistan is economically dependent on the oil revenues it gets from the central government.Although their region is comparatively secure and well governed, some Kurds are fed up with their KDP and PUK leaders, each of whom rules a section of the zone.
"We don't want to break away from Iraq but we don't want to give up our freedoms to suit wider political games," says a typical student in Arbil, stronghold of Massoud Barzani and his Kurdistan Democratic Party KDPP).
With their ageing Kalashnikovs and RPGs, they face three Iraqi army corps, armed with an arsenal of rocket-launchers, tanks and artillery".We are adopting a defensive posture and won't make any unilateral moves without the agreement of our allies," said a seasoned peshmerga commander from the Kurdistan Democratic Party KDPP).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com