But as the Naiyāyikas admit four different pramāṇas for four different types of pramā, they can always fall back on other pramāṇas when the reliability of one is questioned: to justify perception, one might take recourse to inference, and again to justify inference one can rely on verbal cognition.
As most interviewees claimed that they were aware of the risk of STI (including HIV) acquisition, yet considered themselves to be 'low risk,' strategies for reducing risk were explored to determine whether their behaviour justified this perception.
Emotions themselves are justified by perceptions and beliefs, and are said to be appropriate if and only if the axiological judgments they support are correct.
For example, women who reported a higher perceived risk of breast cancer may have had a family history which would have justified their perceptions.
For while many of those she talked to cited recent events – like the 2009 expenses scandal – as justifying their perception of Britain's political class, its origins go deeper than the last few years.
A lack of regularity or routine, insufficient or excessive food intake, perceived health outcomes, and limited food variety were cited in different proportions to justify this perception, as shown in Table 1.
"The greatest downside of refusing to hand US service members over to Philippine authorities is that it creates the perception, justified or not, that no US soldier will actually serve time for a crime due to political pressure from Washington," Poling said.
With regard to the reasons reported by the mothers to justify their perceptions of their children's diets as healthy or not, the same categories as those previously cited were identified.
Some atheists are atheists because of their often-justified perception that Christians are hypocritical.
Changing these pre-existing perceptions – justified or otherwise – would be a significant, possibly insurmountable, challenge.
